있다는 말을 들어보셨을 것입니다. 동사 활용 없음 중국어로. 그렇다면 과거에 있었던 일에 대해 어떻게 북경어를 사용합니까? 그만큼 측면 입자 过 (guò) is one part of the answer to this question.

过 (guo) is used to talk about something that you have done or experienced before. To use it, employ the following structure:

Subject + Verb + 过 + Object

예 :

위의 예에서 过 (guo) is used to explain that the speaker has been to France before. Note that the sentence does not provide any information about when exactly the speaker went to France, nor does it tell us how many times the speaker made the trip. All we know from the sentence is that the speaker has had the experience of going to France at least once at some time in the past.

While the English sentence above contains the conjugated verbs “have” and “been” as well as the word “before,” all these different elements are not necessary in Chinese. 过 (guo) serves the same purpose as all three of these English words combined.

过 (guo) is also frequently used as part of a question. It’s a handy word to use if you want to know whether or not someone has ever done something before.

예 :

In the question above, 过 (guo) is used to ask whether you’ve ever had the experience of eating Chinese food.

Let’s say, for the sake of argument, that you’ve never eaten Chinese food. Well then, you’ll need to know how to use 过 (guo) in the negative. To do so, make use of the following structure:

제목 + 没 + Verb + 过 + Object

예 :

In the sentence above, 过 (guo) can be translated as “never” and is used to explain that the speaker has never had the experience in question, namely, eating Chinese food.

다른 예를 살펴보겠습니다.

In the sentence above, 过 (guo) is used to explain that the speaker has never had the experience of leaving home before.

에 사용되는 두 단어가 있다는 것을 이미 알고 있을 가능성이 있습니다. 문장을 부정하다 in Mandarin: 没 (méi) and 不 (bù). Note that when talking in the negative about past experiences with 过 (guo), you should always use 没 (méi), 아니다 不 (bù). The two are not interchangeable.

虽然...但是 (suīrán...dànshì) is a very useful and common grammatical pattern in Mandarin Chinese. It is similar to “although” or “even though” in English.

영어와 마찬가지로 일반적으로 첫 번째 절이 상황을 소개하고 두 번째 절이 첫 번째 절과 어떻게 든 모순되거나 충돌하는 것처럼 보이는 것을 나타내는 적어도 두 개의 절로 구성된 문장의 일부로 사용됩니다.

When writing sentences with the word “although” in English, the second clause does not need to begin with “but.” In Chinese, however, the second clause in sentences that feature 虽然 (suīrán) must be introduced with 但是 (dànshì; but). It’s important to pay attention to this major difference between English and Chinese.

참고 可是 (kěshì; but) is also sometimes used in place of 但是 (dànshì).

Let’s look at an example to learn how to use 虽然...但是 (suīrán...dànshì) in a sentence:

In the example above, the first part of the sentence starts with 虽然 (suīrán) and sets the stage for the rest of the sentence by introducing the fact that Mrs. Zhao is very nice.

In the next clause, 但是 (dànshì) is used to introduce a fact that is somewhat contradictory to the situation presented in the first clause. Normally, we would expect a nice person to make others feel at ease, but in this case, the speaker still feels nervous in spite of Mrs. Zhao’s niceness.

다른 예를 살펴보겠습니다.

여기서 첫 번째 절은 문장의 주어가 아주 어리다는 사실을 소개합니다. 이어 문장의 후반부에서는 주체가 이미 자신의 회사를 소유하고 있다는 사실이 주체가 매우 어리다는 사실과 대조되는 의외의 사실로 제시된다.

참고로 虽然 (suīrán) in this example does not come at the very beginning of the first clause. This example demonstrates that it is possible for 虽然 (suīrán) to come either at the beginning of the first clause before the subject, or, as in this case, after the subject.

While the position of 虽然 (suīrán) can be adjusted without changing the meaning of the sentence in which it is used, it isn’t possible to change the position of 但是 (dànshì), which must always come at the beginning of the second clause, right after the comma.

In Chinese, degree complements (程度补语 chéngdù bǔyǔ) are used to modify, or describe the degree, extent or quality of verbs and adjectives. In this grammar point, we will focus on using degree complements with verbs.

동사와 함께 사용될 때 정도 보완은 동사가 설명하는 동작의 품질에 대해 이야기하는 방법을 나타냅니다. 그들은 또한 동사로 표현된 행동이 얼마나 잘 또는 얼마나 잘못 수행되었는지를 설명하는 데 사용됩니다.

동사 뒤에 사용될 때 차수 보완은 다음 패턴을 따릅니다.

Subject + Verb + 得 + Degree Complement

Beginning students may assume that 得 (de) itself is the degree complement, but this is not the case. In fact, 得 (de) is what is called a structural particle, and it has several different grammatical functions in Chinese. Linking verbs with their degree complements is just one of these functions.

그렇다면 학위 보완은 무엇입니까? 일반적으로 그들은 부사와 형용사로 구성된 가장 일반적으로 기술적인 구입니다.

다음은 일반적으로 볼 수 있는 학위 보완 목록입니다.

• 很好 (hěn hǎo): very good; combination of the adverb 很 그리고 형용사 好)
• 很不错 (hěn bùcuò): very nice, not bad; combination of 很 (adv.) and 不错 {adj.)
• 还可以 (hái kěyǐ): not bad; combination of 还 (adv.) and 可以 {adj.)
• 非常差 (fēicháng chà): very poor; combination of 非常 (adv.) and 差 {adj.)
• 很漂亮 (hěn piàoliang): very beautiful, brilliant; combination of 很 (adv.) and 漂亮 {adj.)
• 很快 (hěn kuài): very fast; combination of 很 (adv.) and 快 {adj.)

다음 구문을 사용하는 방법을 알아보기 위해 간단한 예를 살펴보겠습니다.

In the sentence above, 你 (nǐ; you) is the subject. 很好 (hěn hǎo; very good) is the degree complement, and it tells us how well the subject did the action described by the verb 做 (zuò; to do).

입자 得 (de) connects the verb and the degree complement 很好 (hěn hǎo), letting us know that the person in the sentence did something very well.

다음 예에서도 동일한 패턴을 볼 수 있습니다.

Here, the degree complement 很不错 (hěn bùcuò; very good) modifies the verb 写 (xiě; to write) and works to tell readers how well the article was written.

위의 예는 비교적 간단하지만 학위 보완과 함께 문장에 목적어를 포함하려고 하면 상황이 더 복잡해집니다. 중국어에서 목적어와 도보어가 모두 동사 뒤에 오는 것은 옳지 않기 때문입니다.

문장이 동사와 정도 보완으로 끝나도록 하려면 두 가지 문법 전략 중 하나를 사용하여 문장에서 목적어가 동사 앞에 오도록 해야 합니다. 한 전략은 목적어를 동사 앞에 두는 것이고 다른 전략은 동사를 반복하는 것입니다.

예를 들어, 누군가가 영어를 잘한다고 말하고 싶다고 가정해 봅시다. 문장을 두 가지 방식으로 말할 수 있습니다.

In the two examples above, 英文 (Yīngwén) is the object. In English, we would normally place the object after the verb “speak,” as in “You speak English very well.” In Chinese, however, only 得 (dé) and the degree complement can come after the verb, so the object must be moved to the front using one of our aforementioned grammatical strategies.

In example 1 above, the object 英文 (Yīngwén) comes before the verb 说 (shuō). In example 2, the verb 说 (shuō) is repeated. Even though the grammar is different, the meaning of both sentences is the same.

중국어를 계속 배우다 보면 다음과 같은 동사가 있다는 것을 알게 될 것입니다. 분리 동사, which are made up of both a verb part and an object part. Some verbs that you may have already learned, such as 睡觉 (shuìjiào; to sleep), actually fall into this special category.

나중에 더 배울 것이기 때문에 지금 당장 이 특수 동사의 안팎에 대해 너무 걱정하지 마십시오. 현재 알아야 할 것은 일부 초보자에게는 혼란스러울 수 있지만 이러한 분리 가능한 동사의 동사 부분은 차수 보완과 함께 사용될 때도 반복된다는 것입니다.

예 :

이 예에서 起 (qǐ) part of the separable verb 起床 (qǐchuáng; to get up; to get out of bed) repeats in order to ensure that 床 (chuáng), the object part of the verb, does not come after the verb in the sentence.